From " evolve " To " artificial "

From " evolve " To " artificial "
Staff reporter Li TianShu The small species that has never appeared on one earth is formulated out from the laboratory, this sounds inconceivable. However, on May 20, American scientist announces the first artificial life of the world was born, this is a unicellular bacterium totally controlled by the artificial gene. The achievement of this experiment means, the new life entity does not probably need finishing by evolving, but can create in the laboratory. Reporter see Science announce this news to May 21 at the intersection of U.S.A. and scientific the intersection of association and website, and think there are captivating prospects in the fields of environmental protection, energy etc. in the artificial life. However, after the artificial life was born, had caused the enormous dispute of ethics at once. Media's report points out, US President's Palestinian horse has already urged the biological ethics committee of U.S.A. to carry on the ethics assessment. The new species originated from origin and evolution theory that species was following Darwin on the earth of the laboratory, however, scientist Clague and Venter of genetic science of heredity in U.S.A. has challenged this natural rule. One presided over by him makes research that the person stares dumb-founded announced, create the new life from the laboratory - -An extremely small bacterium, and is named as " Cynthia " for it . " Cynthia " How was it created out? The media reports, the scientist chooses one kind calling the bacterium of the mycoplasma of silk at first, decode and duplicate, produce the artificial synthetic genome its genome. Then, move the artificial genome to plant into another kind of bacterium called goat's mycoplasma, through splitting and hyperplasia, the cells within the bacterium are controlled by artificial gene gradually, become a kind of brand-new life finally. In training wares, formate behaviors such as the division of the bacterium,etc. just like natural bacterium. For label bacterium this, different from similar natural bacterium, scientist in " Cynthia " DNA at write into 4 piece " The watermark array " ,Make people discern such biological offspring. Venter says: "' Cynthia ' is the cells of the first artificial synthesis, it is the first kind of living beings that can be duplicated oneself taking computer as parents too. " This achievement has caused the World Focusing. Hu Song, researcher of Ins of genome of Beijing,Academia Sinica, says every year, over these years, clone technology, genetic engineering,etc. are fast growing, the barrier of some technology is solved gradually. As to the birth of the artificial life, everybody has known that this day will come, but not expected that will come so early. The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences makes blood cell and centre director Han Zhongchao of the genetic engineering to point out, this research is a brand-new break-through, have broken a lot of people's inherent thinking. Utilize technology of the laboratory to create the brand-new life, it is a new idea challenge to a lot of people. Research results how think about artificial birth of life double-edged sword? Han Zhongchao and Hu Song are annual to point out, science and technology is a double-edged sword when being interviewed by reporter, can bring mankind's scientific enormous progress, may bring the unpredictable disaster too. Any good research results need using under supervising effectively carefully, could guarantee to really serve mankind. It is reported, Venter's research has more than 20 scientists' participation, lasts more than 10 years, it costs over 40 million dollars. Though it is still lab - full that this plants technology at present, researchers believe he uses the prospect to be very broad. Science report points out, there are 14 genes that are deleted or cut off in the bacterium transplanted, the silk mycoplasma bacterium that but they still look as if normal, and can only produce protein of the mycoplasma of silk, this means " Design, formate, assemble and transplant and formate the chromosome and no longer become an obstacle which formates biological progress " . This magazine points out, the scientist hopes to design more novel genome, make the bacterium which contains the genome finish the special task, in order to help to solve the energy, environmental protection or other problems. The media reports, the gene that the research group planned to formate the minimum quantity suitable for existing in life first, then through remedying other genes among them, make a series of new microorganism, for example can produce the bacterium of the biological fuel, useful medicines, can absorb carbon dioxide and other bacterium of pollutant or make, formate protein vaccine take in air. To such a captivating prospect, many people propose worrying. One is called " The human gene learns to warn " Director David of group reminding, if artificial organism is spread to the nature, initiate the genetic change of living beings, may cause the environmental disaster, even is probably used for making biological weapons. Whether have opened " Pan Dora's magic box " After the artificial life was born, it was the query of the ethics that caused at first in scientific circles. Great Britain's associate professor of moustache forest of teaching and research room of the medical ethics in Peking University points out, as to new things and research results, various queries are certain, what's more artificial life. When technology is not the most important problem, the human cloning is still the all universally acknowledged " forbidden zones " so far ,Will cause the great disturbance even if clone the human embryo. It is reported, after the artificial life was born, the opposition person queried whether the mankind has a right to change the natural rule. The ethics professor Julien and Sa dark Les storehouse of British Oxford University thinks: "Venter has acted the part of God directly - -Create the new life that the nature does not originally exist. " As to this, Hu LinYing says, ethics is assessed will influence social attitude toward new things and view, will involve the values more. She points out, removes the religious factor, when a piece of new things comes out frequently, the mankind will have various worry, when test tube baby, clone technology, transgenic technology,etc. appear, the mankind fears the natural rule is destroyed. So, as to the artificial life, need, use, go, assess some time, especially should assess research this, give medical science, environment, any potential impact, interests and risk that field bring such as being safe. Hu LinYing says, the evaluation in artificial life must be very prudent, can't draw a conclusion dogmatically, " knock somebody down at one stroke " With " blown Heaven " It is inadvisable. Chaining The artificial life formulates the course 1. The scientist chooses one kind calling the bacterium of the mycoplasma of silk, decode its chromosome. Then utilize the chemical method to reconfigure DNA. 2.Put DNA chip recombinated into liquid of yeast, make it regroup slowly. 3.Put artificial DNA into receptor bacterium of another goat's mycoplasma. Through growing and separating, the receptor bacterium produces two cells, one has artificial DNA, another one has natural DNA. 4.The ones that train in wares are resisted Grow plainly and remove the cells with natural DNA, only leave artificial cells. 5.Within several hours, traces of original DNA all disappear in the receptor bacterium, artificial cells are being bred constantly, the new life was born.

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